Water Eco-Nexus Cycle System (WaterEcoNet) as a key solution for water shortage and water environment problems in urban areas

With the rapid socio-economic development, urban cities are confronted with issues of accelerating water scarcity, water contamination and water environment degradation. Optimizing water cycle in urban water systems becomes crucial towards the solving of the above-mentioned problems and the achievement of the sustainability goal. This study introduces a novel Water Eco-Nexus Cycle System (WaterEcoNet) that highlights the significance of reclaimed water (RW) in urban water cycle so as to enhance water ecosystem functions and public acceptance, reduce distribution costs, and strengthen regional water supplies. Through the WaterEcoNet model, the interlinks and interactions of multiple components of urban water systems can be well coordinated and embodied. Importantly, to ensure safe and long-term operation of WaterEcoNet, it is vital to apply both technical and management strategies for water allocation and fit-for-purpose use, water quality evaluation, monitoring, control, improvement and safety ensurance, etc. A case study in a county of China is further presented which illustrates the benefits of WaterEcoNet in enhancing regional water management. This study is of great theoretical significance and applicable value in promoting the effectiveness and sustainability of urban water systems.