The osteochondral junction and its repair via bi-phasic tissue engineering scaffolds

The osteochondral junction is the interface between bone and cartilage. Chondroid bone forms the intermediate between the two tissue types. Damage to the cartilage surface often results in degeneration of the subchondral region. This region is comprised of different cell types and varied composition of extracellular matrix. Hence, dual regeneration strategies have been investigated to simultaneously regenerate both tissue types. Bi-phasic constructs have been developed to deliver the necessary cells, growth factors, and mechanical support to facilitate regeneration. This review discusses the use of biphasic scaffolds to promote the repair, development, and function of the osteochondral junction.