The JCMT BISTRO-2 Survey: The Magnetic Field in the Center of the Rosette Molecular Cloud

We present the first 850 μm polarization observations in the most active star-forming site of the Rosette Molecular Cloud (d ∼ 1.6 kpc) in the wall of the Rosette Nebula, imaged with the SCUBA-2/POL-2 instruments of the James Clerk Maxwell telescope, as part of the B-Fields In Star-forming Region Observations 2 (BISTRO-2) survey. From the POL-2 data we find that the polarization fraction decreases with the 850 μm continuum intensity with α = 0.49 0.08 in the p ∝ I -α relation, which suggests that some fraction of the dust grains remain aligned at high densities. The north of our 850 μm image reveals a "gemstone ring"morphology, which is a ∼1 pc diameter ring-like structure with extended emission in the "head"to the southwest. We hypothesize that it might have been blown by feedback in its interior, while the B-field is parallel to its circumference in most places. In the south of our SCUBA-2 field the clumps are apparently connected with filaments that follow infrared dark clouds. Here, the POL-2 magnetic field orientations appear bimodal with respect to the large-scale Planck field. The mass of our effective mapped area is ∼174 M o˙, which we calculate from 850 μm flux densities. We compare our results with masses from large-scale emission-subtracted Herschel 250 μm data and find agreement within 30%. We estimate the plane-of-sky B-field strength in one typical subregion using the Davis-Chandrasekhar-Fermi technique and find 80 30 μG toward a clump and its outskirts. The estimated mass-to-flux ratio of λ = 2.3 1.0 suggests that the B-field is not sufficiently strong to prevent gravitational collapse in this subregion.