Spectrum Sensing Using Software Defined Radio for Cognitive Radio Networks: A Survey

Cognitive radio (CR) network has emerged as a potential solution to the under-utilization problem of the allocated radio spectrum, where spectrum sensing (SS) plays a key role to enable the coexistence between primary and secondary users. It has attracted research interests, and several works have been reported in the literature. Nevertheless, the assumptions and simplifications introduced during the modeling of the communication system often yield misleading conclusions each time relevant aspects of their implementation on a testbed are omitted. Hence, prototypes are built to study their behaviour under real-world conditions, therefore software defined radio (SDR) has emerged as an ideal vehicle to allow researchers to experiment with prototypes of these CR approaches. In this survey, we provide an overview of the latest works in CR networks related to the spectrum awareness approaches and taking into account their implementation on testbeds. These approaches are classified from a practical point of view, where a detailed review of the existing works for each category is provided. A review of the existing SDR platforms is also exposed highlighting the main components and features of current architectures employed for experimental evaluation of CR approaches. Next, the challenges to implement current spectrum awareness approaches on SDR platforms are detailed. Finally, at the light of these reviews, research challenges and open issues are identified for future research directions.