Nerve growth factor blocks thapsigargin-induced apoptosis at the level of the mitochondrion viaregulation of Bim

This study examined how the neurotrophin, nerve growth factor (NGF), protects PC12 cells against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis. ER stress was induced using thapsigargin (TG) that inhibits the sarcoplasmic ER Ca(2+)-ATPase pump (SERCA) and depletes ER Ca(2+) stores. NGF pre-treatment inhibited translocation of Bax to the mitochondria, loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, cytochrome c release, activation of caspases (-3, -7 and -9) and apoptosis induction by TG. Notably, TG also caused a marked induction of Bim(el) mRNA and protein, and knockdown of Bim with siRNA protected cells against TG-induced apoptosis. NGF delayed the induction and increased the phosphorylation of Bim(el). NGF-mediated protection was dependent on phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) signalling since all above apoptotic events, including expression and phosphorylation status of Bim(el) protein, could be reverted by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. In contrast, NGF had no effect on the TG-mediated induction of the unfolded protein response (increased expression of Grp78, GADD34, splicing of XBP1 mRNA) or ER stress-associated pro-apoptotic responses (induction of C EBP homologous protein [CHOP], induction and processing of caspase-12). These data indicate that NGF-mediated protection against ER stress-induced apoptosis occurs at the level of the mitochondria by regulating induction and activation of Bim and mitochondrial translocation of Bax.This study examined how the neurotrophin, nerve growth factor (NGF), protects PC12 cells against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis. ER stress was induced using thapsigargin (TG) that inhibits the sarcoplasmic ER Ca(2+)-ATPase pump (SERCA) and depletes ER Ca(2+) stores. NGF pre-treatment inhibited translocation of Bax to the mitochondria, loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, cytochrome c release, activation of caspases (-3, -7 and -9) and apoptosis induction by TG. Notably, TG also caused a marked induction of Bim(el) mRNA and protein, and knockdown of Bim with siRNA protected cells against TG-induced apoptosis. NGF delayed the induction and increased the phosphorylation of Bim(el). NGF-mediated protection was dependent on phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) signalling since all above apoptotic events, including expression and phosphorylation status of Bim(el) protein, could be reverted by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. In contrast, NGF had no effect on the TG-mediated induction of the unfolded protein response (increased expression of Grp78, GADD34, splicing of XBP1 mRNA) or ER stress-associated pro-apoptotic responses (induction of C EBP homologous protein [CHOP], induction and processing of caspase-12). These data indicate that NGF-mediated protection against ER stress-induced apoptosis occurs at the level of the mitochondria by regulating induction and activation of Bim and mitochondrial translocation of Bax.