Multiwavelength observations and modeling of 1ES 1959+650 in a low flux state

E. Aliu; S. Archambault; T. Arlen; T. Aune; M. Beilicke; W. Benbow; R. Bird; M. Böttcher; A. Bouvier; V. Bugaev; K. Byrum; A. Cesarini; L. Ciupik; E. Collins-Hughes; M. P. Connolly; W. Cui; R. Dickherber; C. Duke; J. Dumm; M. Errando; A. Falcone; S. Federici; Q. Feng; J. P. Finley; G. Finnegan; L. Fortson; A. Furniss; N. Galante; D. Gall; G. H. Gillanders; S. Griffin; J. Grube; G. Gyuk; D. Hanna; J. Holder; G. Hughes; T. B. Humensky; P. Kaaret; M. Kertzman; Y. Khassen; D. Kieda; H. Krawczynski; F. Krennrich; M. J. Lang; A. S. Madhavan; G. Maier; P. Majumdar; S. McArthur; A. McCann; P. Moriarty; R. Mukherjee; T. Nelson; A. O'Faoláin De Bhróithe; R. A. Ong; M. Orr; A. N. Otte; N. Park; J. S. Perkins; A. Pichel; M. Pohl; A. Popkow; H. Prokoph; J. Quinn; K. Ragan; L. C. Reyes; P. T. Reynolds; E. Roache; D. B. Saxon; M. Schroedter; G. H. Sembroski; C. Skole; A. W. Smith; D. Staszak; I. Telezhinsky; M. Theiling; J. Tyler; A. Varlotta; V. V. Vassiliev; S. P. Wakely; T. C. Weekes; A. Weinstein; R. Welsing; D. A. Williams; B. Zitzer

doi:10.1088/0004-637X/775/1/3

Multiwavelength observations and modeling of 1ES 1959+650 in a low flux state

E. Aliu, S. Archambault, T. Arlen, T. Aune, M. Beilicke, W. Benbow, R. Bird, M. Böttcher, A. Bouvier, V. Bugaev, K. Byrum, A. Cesarini, L. Ciupik, E. Collins-Hughes, M. P. Connolly, W. Cui, R. Dickherber, C. Duke, J. Dumm, M. ErrandoA. Falcone, S. Federici, Q. Feng, J. P. Finley, G. Finnegan, L. Fortson, A. Furniss, N. Galante, D. Gall, G. H. Gillanders, S. Griffin, J. Grube, G. Gyuk, D. Hanna, J. Holder, G. Hughes, T. B. Humensky, P. Kaaret, M. Kertzman, Y. Khassen, D. Kieda, H. Krawczynski, F. Krennrich, M. J. Lang, A. S. Madhavan, G. Maier, P. Majumdar, S. McArthur, A. McCann, P. Moriarty, R. Mukherjee, T. Nelson, A. O'Faoláin De Bhróithe, R. A. Ong, M. Orr, A. N. Otte, N. Park, J. S. Perkins, A. Pichel, M. Pohl, A. Popkow, H. Prokoph, J. Quinn, K. Ragan, L. C. Reyes, P. T. Reynolds, E. Roache, D. B. Saxon, M. Schroedter, G. H. Sembroski, C. Skole, A. W. Smith, D. Staszak, I. Telezhinsky, M. Theiling, J. Tyler, A. Varlotta, V. V. Vassiliev, S. P. Wakely, T. C. Weekes, A. Weinstein, R. Welsing, D. A. Williams, B. Zitzer

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Abstract

We report on the VERITAS observations of the high-frequency peaked BL Lac object 1ES 1959+650 in the period 2007-2011. This source is detected at TeV energies by VERITAS at 16.4 standard deviation (σ) significance in 7.6 hr of observation in a low flux state. A multiwavelength spectral energy distribution (SED) is constructed from contemporaneous data from VERITAS, Fermi-LAT, RXTE PCA, and Swift UVOT. Swift XRT data is not included in the SED due to a lack of simultaneous observations with VERITAS. In contrast to the orphan γ-ray flare exhibited by this source in 2002, the X-ray flux of the source is found to vary by an order of magnitude, while other energy regimes exhibit less variable emission. A quasi-equilibrium synchrotron self-Compton model with an additional external radiation field is used to describe three SEDs corresponding to the lowest, highest, and average X-ray states. The variation in the X-ray spectrum is modeled by changing the electron injection spectral index, with minor adjustments of the kinetic luminosity in electrons. This scenario produces small-scale flux variability of the order of ≲ 2 in the high energy (E > 1 MeV) and very high energy (E > 100 GeV) γ-ray regimes, which is corroborated by the Fermi-LAT, VERITAS, and Whipple 10 m telescope light curves.

Original language	English
Article number	3
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	775
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/775/1/3
Publication status	Published - 20 Sep 2013

Keywords

BL Lacertae objects: general
galaxies: active
gamma rays: galaxies

Authors (Note for portal: view the doc link for the full list of authors)

Authors
Aliu, E. and Archambault, S. and Arlen, T. and Aune, T. and Beilicke, M. and Benbow, W. and Bird, R. and Boettcher, M. and Bouvier, A. and Bugaev, V. and Byrum, K. and Cesarini, A. and Ciupik, L. and Collins-Hughes, E. and Connolly, M. P. and Cui, W. and Dickherber, R. and Duke, C. and Dumm, J. and Errando, M. and Falcone, A. and Federici, S. and Feng, Q. and Finley, J. P. and Finnegan, G. and Fortson, L. and Furniss, A. and Galante, N. and Gall, D. and Gillanders, G. H. and Griffin, S. and Grube, J. and Gyuk, G. and Hanna, D. and Holder, J. and Hughes, G. and Humensky, T. B. and Kaaret, P. and Kertzman, M. and Khassen, Y. and Kieda, D. and Krawczynski, H. and Krennrich, F. and Lang, M. J. and Madhavan, A. S. and Maier, G. and Majumdar, P. and McArthur, S. and McCann, A. and Moriarty, P. a

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10.1088/0004-637X/775/1/3

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Aliu, E., Archambault, S., Arlen, T., Aune, T., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Böttcher, M., Bouvier, A., Bugaev, V., Byrum, K., Cesarini, A., Ciupik, L., Collins-Hughes, E., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Dickherber, R., Duke, C., Dumm, J., ... Zitzer, B. (2013). Multiwavelength observations and modeling of 1ES 1959+650 in a low flux state. Astrophysical Journal, 775(1), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/775/1/3

@article{adb8aead0d354059959699dacb0f69c5,

title = "Multiwavelength observations and modeling of 1ES 1959+650 in a low flux state",

abstract = "We report on the VERITAS observations of the high-frequency peaked BL Lac object 1ES 1959+650 in the period 2007-2011. This source is detected at TeV energies by VERITAS at 16.4 standard deviation (σ) significance in 7.6 hr of observation in a low flux state. A multiwavelength spectral energy distribution (SED) is constructed from contemporaneous data from VERITAS, Fermi-LAT, RXTE PCA, and Swift UVOT. Swift XRT data is not included in the SED due to a lack of simultaneous observations with VERITAS. In contrast to the orphan γ-ray flare exhibited by this source in 2002, the X-ray flux of the source is found to vary by an order of magnitude, while other energy regimes exhibit less variable emission. A quasi-equilibrium synchrotron self-Compton model with an additional external radiation field is used to describe three SEDs corresponding to the lowest, highest, and average X-ray states. The variation in the X-ray spectrum is modeled by changing the electron injection spectral index, with minor adjustments of the kinetic luminosity in electrons. This scenario produces small-scale flux variability of the order of ≲ 2 in the high energy (E > 1 MeV) and very high energy (E > 100 GeV) γ-ray regimes, which is corroborated by the Fermi-LAT, VERITAS, and Whipple 10 m telescope light curves.",

keywords = "BL Lacertae objects: general, galaxies: active, gamma rays: galaxies",

author = "E. Aliu and S. Archambault and T. Arlen and T. Aune and M. Beilicke and W. Benbow and R. Bird and M. B{\"o}ttcher and A. Bouvier and V. Bugaev and K. Byrum and A. Cesarini and L. Ciupik and E. Collins-Hughes and Connolly, {M. P.} and W. Cui and R. Dickherber and C. Duke and J. Dumm and M. Errando and A. Falcone and S. Federici and Q. Feng and Finley, {J. P.} and G. Finnegan and L. Fortson and A. Furniss and N. Galante and D. Gall and Gillanders, {G. H.} and S. Griffin and J. Grube and G. Gyuk and D. Hanna and J. Holder and G. Hughes and Humensky, {T. B.} and P. Kaaret and M. Kertzman and Y. Khassen and D. Kieda and H. Krawczynski and F. Krennrich and Lang, {M. J.} and Madhavan, {A. S.} and G. Maier and P. Majumdar and S. McArthur and A. McCann and P. Moriarty and R. Mukherjee and T. Nelson and {O'Faol{\'a}in De Bhr{\'o}ithe}, A. and Ong, {R. A.} and M. Orr and Otte, {A. N.} and N. Park and Perkins, {J. S.} and A. Pichel and M. Pohl and A. Popkow and H. Prokoph and J. Quinn and K. Ragan and Reyes, {L. C.} and Reynolds, {P. T.} and E. Roache and Saxon, {D. B.} and M. Schroedter and Sembroski, {G. H.} and C. Skole and Smith, {A. W.} and D. Staszak and I. Telezhinsky and M. Theiling and J. Tyler and A. Varlotta and Vassiliev, {V. V.} and Wakely, {S. P.} and Weekes, {T. C.} and A. Weinstein and R. Welsing and Williams, {D. A.} and B. Zitzer",

year = "2013",

month = sep,

day = "20",

doi = "10.1088/0004-637X/775/1/3",

language = "English",

volume = "775",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

number = "1",

}

Aliu, E, Archambault, S, Arlen, T, Aune, T, Beilicke, M, Benbow, W, Bird, R, Böttcher, M, Bouvier, A, Bugaev, V, Byrum, K, Cesarini, A, Ciupik, L, Collins-Hughes, E, Connolly, MP, Cui, W, Dickherber, R, Duke, C, Dumm, J, Errando, M, Falcone, A, Federici, S, Feng, Q, Finley, JP, Finnegan, G, Fortson, L, Furniss, A, Galante, N, Gall, D, Gillanders, GH, Griffin, S, Grube, J, Gyuk, G, Hanna, D, Holder, J, Hughes, G, Humensky, TB, Kaaret, P, Kertzman, M, Khassen, Y, Kieda, D, Krawczynski, H, Krennrich, F, Lang, MJ, Madhavan, AS, Maier, G, Majumdar, P, McArthur, S, McCann, A, Moriarty, P, Mukherjee, R, Nelson, T, O'Faoláin De Bhróithe, A, Ong, RA, Orr, M, Otte, AN, Park, N, Perkins, JS, Pichel, A, Pohl, M, Popkow, A, Prokoph, H, Quinn, J, Ragan, K, Reyes, LC, Reynolds, PT, Roache, E, Saxon, DB, Schroedter, M, Sembroski, GH, Skole, C, Smith, AW, Staszak, D, Telezhinsky, I, Theiling, M, Tyler, J, Varlotta, A, Vassiliev, VV, Wakely, SP, Weekes, TC, Weinstein, A, Welsing, R, Williams, DA & Zitzer, B 2013, 'Multiwavelength observations and modeling of 1ES 1959+650 in a low flux state', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 775, no. 1, 3. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/775/1/3

TY - JOUR

T1 - Multiwavelength observations and modeling of 1ES 1959+650 in a low flux state

AU - Aliu, E.

AU - Archambault, S.

AU - Arlen, T.

AU - Aune, T.

AU - Beilicke, M.

AU - Benbow, W.

AU - Bird, R.

AU - Böttcher, M.

AU - Bouvier, A.

AU - Bugaev, V.

AU - Byrum, K.

AU - Cesarini, A.

AU - Ciupik, L.

AU - Collins-Hughes, E.

AU - Connolly, M. P.

AU - Cui, W.

AU - Dickherber, R.

AU - Duke, C.

AU - Dumm, J.

AU - Errando, M.

AU - Falcone, A.

AU - Federici, S.

AU - Feng, Q.

AU - Finley, J. P.

AU - Finnegan, G.

AU - Fortson, L.

AU - Furniss, A.

AU - Galante, N.

AU - Gall, D.

AU - Gillanders, G. H.

AU - Griffin, S.

AU - Grube, J.

AU - Gyuk, G.

AU - Hanna, D.

AU - Holder, J.

AU - Hughes, G.

AU - Humensky, T. B.

AU - Kaaret, P.

AU - Kertzman, M.

AU - Khassen, Y.

AU - Kieda, D.

AU - Krawczynski, H.

AU - Krennrich, F.

AU - Lang, M. J.

AU - Madhavan, A. S.

AU - Maier, G.

AU - Majumdar, P.

AU - McArthur, S.

AU - McCann, A.

AU - Moriarty, P.

AU - Mukherjee, R.

AU - Nelson, T.

AU - O'Faoláin De Bhróithe, A.

AU - Ong, R. A.

AU - Orr, M.

AU - Otte, A. N.

AU - Park, N.

AU - Perkins, J. S.

AU - Pichel, A.

AU - Pohl, M.

AU - Popkow, A.

AU - Prokoph, H.

AU - Quinn, J.

AU - Ragan, K.

AU - Reyes, L. C.

AU - Reynolds, P. T.

AU - Roache, E.

AU - Saxon, D. B.

AU - Schroedter, M.

AU - Sembroski, G. H.

AU - Skole, C.

AU - Smith, A. W.

AU - Staszak, D.

AU - Telezhinsky, I.

AU - Theiling, M.

AU - Tyler, J.

AU - Varlotta, A.

AU - Vassiliev, V. V.

AU - Wakely, S. P.

AU - Weekes, T. C.

AU - Weinstein, A.

AU - Welsing, R.

AU - Williams, D. A.

AU - Zitzer, B.

PY - 2013/9/20

Y1 - 2013/9/20

N2 - We report on the VERITAS observations of the high-frequency peaked BL Lac object 1ES 1959+650 in the period 2007-2011. This source is detected at TeV energies by VERITAS at 16.4 standard deviation (σ) significance in 7.6 hr of observation in a low flux state. A multiwavelength spectral energy distribution (SED) is constructed from contemporaneous data from VERITAS, Fermi-LAT, RXTE PCA, and Swift UVOT. Swift XRT data is not included in the SED due to a lack of simultaneous observations with VERITAS. In contrast to the orphan γ-ray flare exhibited by this source in 2002, the X-ray flux of the source is found to vary by an order of magnitude, while other energy regimes exhibit less variable emission. A quasi-equilibrium synchrotron self-Compton model with an additional external radiation field is used to describe three SEDs corresponding to the lowest, highest, and average X-ray states. The variation in the X-ray spectrum is modeled by changing the electron injection spectral index, with minor adjustments of the kinetic luminosity in electrons. This scenario produces small-scale flux variability of the order of ≲ 2 in the high energy (E > 1 MeV) and very high energy (E > 100 GeV) γ-ray regimes, which is corroborated by the Fermi-LAT, VERITAS, and Whipple 10 m telescope light curves.

AB - We report on the VERITAS observations of the high-frequency peaked BL Lac object 1ES 1959+650 in the period 2007-2011. This source is detected at TeV energies by VERITAS at 16.4 standard deviation (σ) significance in 7.6 hr of observation in a low flux state. A multiwavelength spectral energy distribution (SED) is constructed from contemporaneous data from VERITAS, Fermi-LAT, RXTE PCA, and Swift UVOT. Swift XRT data is not included in the SED due to a lack of simultaneous observations with VERITAS. In contrast to the orphan γ-ray flare exhibited by this source in 2002, the X-ray flux of the source is found to vary by an order of magnitude, while other energy regimes exhibit less variable emission. A quasi-equilibrium synchrotron self-Compton model with an additional external radiation field is used to describe three SEDs corresponding to the lowest, highest, and average X-ray states. The variation in the X-ray spectrum is modeled by changing the electron injection spectral index, with minor adjustments of the kinetic luminosity in electrons. This scenario produces small-scale flux variability of the order of ≲ 2 in the high energy (E > 1 MeV) and very high energy (E > 100 GeV) γ-ray regimes, which is corroborated by the Fermi-LAT, VERITAS, and Whipple 10 m telescope light curves.

KW - BL Lacertae objects: general

KW - galaxies: active

KW - gamma rays: galaxies

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84884155557&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1088/0004-637X/775/1/3

DO - 10.1088/0004-637X/775/1/3

M3 - Article

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 775

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

IS - 1

M1 - 3

ER -

Multiwavelength observations and modeling of 1ES 1959+650 in a low flux state

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