Modeling procedures for the stress analysis of flexible pipe cross sections

Thick tube theory is incorporated into an existing analytical model for the threedimensional analysis of bonded flexible pipe cross sections under offshore loading conditions. The original model considers material layers as isotropic/orthotopic thin tubes, and layers of helically wound reinforcing cables are modeled separately. The improvement in the results obtained with the incorporation of the new thick tube layer is demonstrated for a flexible pipe with D/t = 10. The finite element technique has also been used to model this type of pipe structure. Pipe sections are discretized using axisymmetric elements for the tube-type layers and special discrete reinforcement elements for the helical cables. A particular example of a three-layer doubly reinforced pipe section under internal pressure is studied. Good agreement is found between analytical model and finite element results for all the main deformation and stress quantities including cable stresses.