Micromechanical modelling of cortical bone

Cortical bone is a heterogeneous material with a complex hierarchical microstructure. In this work, unit cell finite element models were developed to investigate the effect of microstructural morphology on the macroscopic properties of cortical bone. The effect of lacunar and vascular porosities, percentage of osteonal bone and orientation of the Haversian system on the macroscopic elastic moduli and Poisson's ratios was investigated. The results presented provide relationships for applying more locally accurate material properties to larger scale and whole bone models of varying porosity. Analysis of the effect of the orientation of the Haversian system showed that its effects should not be neglected in larger scale models. This study also provides insight into how microstructural features effect local distributions and cause a strain magnification effect. Limitations in applying the unit cell methodology approach to bone are also discussed.