Festival Ushered Pollutants in Indian Metropolitan Cities: Resemblance, Variance, and Concerns

R Latha R; Vrinda Anand; Nikhil Korhale; Pramod Kori; B S Murthy B S

doi:10.1007/s40710-022-00593-9

Festival Ushered Pollutants in Indian Metropolitan Cities: Resemblance, Variance, and Concerns

R Latha R
, Vrinda Anand
, Nikhil Korhale
, Pramod Kori
, B S Murthy B S

Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology

Research output: Contribution to a Journal (Peer & Non Peer) › Article › peer-review

3 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Abstract: The current study is designed to simultaneously assess for the first time similarities and differences in pollutant escalation (especially fireworks) in four mega and metro cities in India, i.e., Delhi, Ahmedabad, Mumbai and Pune, during the most important Indian festival, Diwali. The four cities are networked in the System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting And Research (SAFAR). The data was collected through online and cumulative sampling. Particulates were analyzed for concentration trends, chemical speciation, and trace gas variations. The attitude and culture of the inhabitants in each city decided the amplitude and duration of the event. On Diwali day, PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ (maximum) in Delhi increased by 353% and 213%, respectively, compared to pre-Diwali day. The increment in PM_2.5 in Pune and Ahmedabad is 50% of that in Delhi, whereas, in Mumbai, it is 1/7^th of Pune. NO₂ in Delhi surpassed the permissible concentration during Diwali night. Metal content (K, Mg, Na, Mn and Pb) in PM_2.5 nearly doubled in all cities due to firecrackers. Prevailing meteorological conditions controlled the dispersal of pollutants. 'Ventilation Coefficient' appears to be deterministic as a pollutant sink except for wet removal. The health concern is assessed through inhalation dose (6–12 pm peak period), Delhi faced quadruple dose on Diwali day over pre-Diwali day, and it reduced close to triple on post-Diwali day. The study elucidates the need for city-specific multi-mode information to design effective control measures to curb festivity-related air pollution. Article Highlights: • The networked cities showed specific peak times and concentrations on the event day • Online and gravimetric samplings of PM_2.5 agree well • Weather and peak pollution magnitude determine dispersion efficiency at each station • Post-Diwali inhalation dose remains considerably high in Delhi and Ahmedabad Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

Original language	English
Article number	42
Journal	Environmental Processes
Volume	9
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-022-00593-9
Publication status	Published - Sep 2022
Externally published	Yes

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being
SDG 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities

Keywords

Air quality
Fireworks
Heavy metals
Particulate matter
Trace gases
Weather

Access to Document

10.1007/s40710-022-00593-9

Cite this

@article{a8442ec84b4c47c7bb1fff7f396cca60,

title = "Festival Ushered Pollutants in Indian Metropolitan Cities: Resemblance, Variance, and Concerns",

abstract = "Abstract: The current study is designed to simultaneously assess for the first time similarities and differences in pollutant escalation (especially fireworks) in four mega and metro cities in India, i.e., Delhi, Ahmedabad, Mumbai and Pune, during the most important Indian festival, Diwali. The four cities are networked in the System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting And Research (SAFAR). The data was collected through online and cumulative sampling. Particulates were analyzed for concentration trends, chemical speciation, and trace gas variations. The attitude and culture of the inhabitants in each city decided the amplitude and duration of the event. On Diwali day, PM2.5 and PM10 (maximum) in Delhi increased by 353\% and 213\%, respectively, compared to pre-Diwali day. The increment in PM2.5 in Pune and Ahmedabad is 50\% of that in Delhi, whereas, in Mumbai, it is 1/7th of Pune. NO2 in Delhi surpassed the permissible concentration during Diwali night. Metal content (K, Mg, Na, Mn and Pb) in PM2.5 nearly doubled in all cities due to firecrackers. Prevailing meteorological conditions controlled the dispersal of pollutants. 'Ventilation Coefficient' appears to be deterministic as a pollutant sink except for wet removal. The health concern is assessed through inhalation dose (6–12 pm peak period), Delhi faced quadruple dose on Diwali day over pre-Diwali day, and it reduced close to triple on post-Diwali day. The study elucidates the need for city-specific multi-mode information to design effective control measures to curb festivity-related air pollution. Article Highlights: • The networked cities showed specific peak times and concentrations on the event day • Online and gravimetric samplings of PM2.5 agree well • Weather and peak pollution magnitude determine dispersion efficiency at each station • Post-Diwali inhalation dose remains considerably high in Delhi and Ahmedabad Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]",

keywords = "Air quality, Fireworks, Heavy metals, Particulate matter, Trace gases, Weather",

author = "\{Latha R\}, R and Vrinda Anand and Nikhil Korhale and Pramod Kori and \{Murthy B S\}, \{B S\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.",

year = "2022",

month = sep,

doi = "10.1007/s40710-022-00593-9",

language = "English",

volume = "9",

journal = "Environmental Processes",

issn = "2198-7491",

publisher = "Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Festival Ushered Pollutants in Indian Metropolitan Cities

T2 - Resemblance, Variance, and Concerns

AU - Latha R, R

AU - Anand, Vrinda

AU - Korhale, Nikhil

AU - Kori, Pramod

AU - Murthy B S, B S

PY - 2022/9

Y1 - 2022/9

N2 - Abstract: The current study is designed to simultaneously assess for the first time similarities and differences in pollutant escalation (especially fireworks) in four mega and metro cities in India, i.e., Delhi, Ahmedabad, Mumbai and Pune, during the most important Indian festival, Diwali. The four cities are networked in the System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting And Research (SAFAR). The data was collected through online and cumulative sampling. Particulates were analyzed for concentration trends, chemical speciation, and trace gas variations. The attitude and culture of the inhabitants in each city decided the amplitude and duration of the event. On Diwali day, PM2.5 and PM10 (maximum) in Delhi increased by 353% and 213%, respectively, compared to pre-Diwali day. The increment in PM2.5 in Pune and Ahmedabad is 50% of that in Delhi, whereas, in Mumbai, it is 1/7th of Pune. NO2 in Delhi surpassed the permissible concentration during Diwali night. Metal content (K, Mg, Na, Mn and Pb) in PM2.5 nearly doubled in all cities due to firecrackers. Prevailing meteorological conditions controlled the dispersal of pollutants. 'Ventilation Coefficient' appears to be deterministic as a pollutant sink except for wet removal. The health concern is assessed through inhalation dose (6–12 pm peak period), Delhi faced quadruple dose on Diwali day over pre-Diwali day, and it reduced close to triple on post-Diwali day. The study elucidates the need for city-specific multi-mode information to design effective control measures to curb festivity-related air pollution. Article Highlights: • The networked cities showed specific peak times and concentrations on the event day • Online and gravimetric samplings of PM2.5 agree well • Weather and peak pollution magnitude determine dispersion efficiency at each station • Post-Diwali inhalation dose remains considerably high in Delhi and Ahmedabad Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

AB - Abstract: The current study is designed to simultaneously assess for the first time similarities and differences in pollutant escalation (especially fireworks) in four mega and metro cities in India, i.e., Delhi, Ahmedabad, Mumbai and Pune, during the most important Indian festival, Diwali. The four cities are networked in the System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting And Research (SAFAR). The data was collected through online and cumulative sampling. Particulates were analyzed for concentration trends, chemical speciation, and trace gas variations. The attitude and culture of the inhabitants in each city decided the amplitude and duration of the event. On Diwali day, PM2.5 and PM10 (maximum) in Delhi increased by 353% and 213%, respectively, compared to pre-Diwali day. The increment in PM2.5 in Pune and Ahmedabad is 50% of that in Delhi, whereas, in Mumbai, it is 1/7th of Pune. NO2 in Delhi surpassed the permissible concentration during Diwali night. Metal content (K, Mg, Na, Mn and Pb) in PM2.5 nearly doubled in all cities due to firecrackers. Prevailing meteorological conditions controlled the dispersal of pollutants. 'Ventilation Coefficient' appears to be deterministic as a pollutant sink except for wet removal. The health concern is assessed through inhalation dose (6–12 pm peak period), Delhi faced quadruple dose on Diwali day over pre-Diwali day, and it reduced close to triple on post-Diwali day. The study elucidates the need for city-specific multi-mode information to design effective control measures to curb festivity-related air pollution. Article Highlights: • The networked cities showed specific peak times and concentrations on the event day • Online and gravimetric samplings of PM2.5 agree well • Weather and peak pollution magnitude determine dispersion efficiency at each station • Post-Diwali inhalation dose remains considerably high in Delhi and Ahmedabad Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

KW - Air quality

KW - Fireworks

KW - Heavy metals

KW - Particulate matter

KW - Trace gases

KW - Weather

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85133898416

U2 - 10.1007/s40710-022-00593-9

DO - 10.1007/s40710-022-00593-9

M3 - Article

SN - 2198-7491

VL - 9

JO - Environmental Processes

JF - Environmental Processes

IS - 3

M1 - 42

ER -

Festival Ushered Pollutants in Indian Metropolitan Cities: Resemblance, Variance, and Concerns

Abstract

UN SDGs

Keywords

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