TY - JOUR
T1 - Festival Ushered Pollutants in Indian Metropolitan Cities
T2 - Resemblance, Variance, and Concerns
AU - Latha R, R
AU - Anand, Vrinda
AU - Korhale, Nikhil
AU - Kori, Pramod
AU - Murthy B S, B S
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
PY - 2022/9
Y1 - 2022/9
N2 - Abstract: The current study is designed to simultaneously assess for the first time similarities and differences in pollutant escalation (especially fireworks) in four mega and metro cities in India, i.e., Delhi, Ahmedabad, Mumbai and Pune, during the most important Indian festival, Diwali. The four cities are networked in the System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting And Research (SAFAR). The data was collected through online and cumulative sampling. Particulates were analyzed for concentration trends, chemical speciation, and trace gas variations. The attitude and culture of the inhabitants in each city decided the amplitude and duration of the event. On Diwali day, PM2.5 and PM10 (maximum) in Delhi increased by 353% and 213%, respectively, compared to pre-Diwali day. The increment in PM2.5 in Pune and Ahmedabad is 50% of that in Delhi, whereas, in Mumbai, it is 1/7th of Pune. NO2 in Delhi surpassed the permissible concentration during Diwali night. Metal content (K, Mg, Na, Mn and Pb) in PM2.5 nearly doubled in all cities due to firecrackers. Prevailing meteorological conditions controlled the dispersal of pollutants. 'Ventilation Coefficient' appears to be deterministic as a pollutant sink except for wet removal. The health concern is assessed through inhalation dose (6–12 pm peak period), Delhi faced quadruple dose on Diwali day over pre-Diwali day, and it reduced close to triple on post-Diwali day. The study elucidates the need for city-specific multi-mode information to design effective control measures to curb festivity-related air pollution. Article Highlights: • The networked cities showed specific peak times and concentrations on the event day • Online and gravimetric samplings of PM2.5 agree well • Weather and peak pollution magnitude determine dispersion efficiency at each station • Post-Diwali inhalation dose remains considerably high in Delhi and Ahmedabad Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
AB - Abstract: The current study is designed to simultaneously assess for the first time similarities and differences in pollutant escalation (especially fireworks) in four mega and metro cities in India, i.e., Delhi, Ahmedabad, Mumbai and Pune, during the most important Indian festival, Diwali. The four cities are networked in the System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting And Research (SAFAR). The data was collected through online and cumulative sampling. Particulates were analyzed for concentration trends, chemical speciation, and trace gas variations. The attitude and culture of the inhabitants in each city decided the amplitude and duration of the event. On Diwali day, PM2.5 and PM10 (maximum) in Delhi increased by 353% and 213%, respectively, compared to pre-Diwali day. The increment in PM2.5 in Pune and Ahmedabad is 50% of that in Delhi, whereas, in Mumbai, it is 1/7th of Pune. NO2 in Delhi surpassed the permissible concentration during Diwali night. Metal content (K, Mg, Na, Mn and Pb) in PM2.5 nearly doubled in all cities due to firecrackers. Prevailing meteorological conditions controlled the dispersal of pollutants. 'Ventilation Coefficient' appears to be deterministic as a pollutant sink except for wet removal. The health concern is assessed through inhalation dose (6–12 pm peak period), Delhi faced quadruple dose on Diwali day over pre-Diwali day, and it reduced close to triple on post-Diwali day. The study elucidates the need for city-specific multi-mode information to design effective control measures to curb festivity-related air pollution. Article Highlights: • The networked cities showed specific peak times and concentrations on the event day • Online and gravimetric samplings of PM2.5 agree well • Weather and peak pollution magnitude determine dispersion efficiency at each station • Post-Diwali inhalation dose remains considerably high in Delhi and Ahmedabad Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
KW - Air quality
KW - Fireworks
KW - Heavy metals
KW - Particulate matter
KW - Trace gases
KW - Weather
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85133898416&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s40710-022-00593-9
DO - 10.1007/s40710-022-00593-9
M3 - Article
SN - 2198-7491
VL - 9
JO - Environmental Processes
JF - Environmental Processes
IS - 3
M1 - 42
ER -
