TY - JOUR
T1 - Enhanced delayed-type hypersensitivity and diminished immediate-type hypersensitivity in mice lacking the inducible VPAC2 receptor for vasoactive intestinal peptide
AU - Goetzl, Edward J.
AU - Voice, Julia K.
AU - Shen, Sanbing
AU - Dorsam, Glenn
AU - Kong, Yvonne
AU - West, Katrine M.
AU - Morrison, Christine F.
AU - Harmar, Anthony J.
PY - 2001/11/20
Y1 - 2001/11/20
N2 - Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and its G protein-coupled receptors, VPAC1R and VPAC2R, are prominent in the immune system and regulate many aspects of T cell-dependent immunity. In mouse T cells, VPAC1R is expressed constitutively, whereas VPAC2R is induced by immune stimuli. VPAC2R-null (VPAC2R-/-) mice on a C57BL/6 background are shown here to have normal basic immune characteristics, including serum Ig concentrations, blood levels of all leukocytes, and spleen number of total T cells (CD3+) and T cells bearing CD4, CD8, and CD28. Hapten-evoked cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was significantly enhanced in VPAC2R-null mice compared with age- and sex-matched wild-type mice. In contrast, generation of IgE anti-hapten antibodies and active cutaneous anaphylaxis were ≥70% lower in VPAC2R-null mice than in wild-type controls. Cytokine production by splenic CD4+ T cells, stimulated with adherent anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 antibodies, revealed higher levels of IL-2 (mean = 3-fold) and IFN-γ (mean = 3-fold), and lower levels of IL-4 (mean = one-fifth) in VPAC2R-null mice than wild-type controls. Loss of VIP-VPAC2R maintenance of the normal ratio of Th2/Th1 cytokines thus leads to a state of enhanced DTH and depressed immediate-type hypersensitivity, which may alter both host defense and susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases.
AB - Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and its G protein-coupled receptors, VPAC1R and VPAC2R, are prominent in the immune system and regulate many aspects of T cell-dependent immunity. In mouse T cells, VPAC1R is expressed constitutively, whereas VPAC2R is induced by immune stimuli. VPAC2R-null (VPAC2R-/-) mice on a C57BL/6 background are shown here to have normal basic immune characteristics, including serum Ig concentrations, blood levels of all leukocytes, and spleen number of total T cells (CD3+) and T cells bearing CD4, CD8, and CD28. Hapten-evoked cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was significantly enhanced in VPAC2R-null mice compared with age- and sex-matched wild-type mice. In contrast, generation of IgE anti-hapten antibodies and active cutaneous anaphylaxis were ≥70% lower in VPAC2R-null mice than in wild-type controls. Cytokine production by splenic CD4+ T cells, stimulated with adherent anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 antibodies, revealed higher levels of IL-2 (mean = 3-fold) and IFN-γ (mean = 3-fold), and lower levels of IL-4 (mean = one-fifth) in VPAC2R-null mice than wild-type controls. Loss of VIP-VPAC2R maintenance of the normal ratio of Th2/Th1 cytokines thus leads to a state of enhanced DTH and depressed immediate-type hypersensitivity, which may alter both host defense and susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases.
KW - Cytokine
KW - IgE
KW - Immunity
KW - Neuropeptide
KW - T cell
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/0035923540
U2 - 10.1073/pnas.241503798
DO - 10.1073/pnas.241503798
M3 - Article
SN - 0027-8424
VL - 98
SP - 13854
EP - 13859
JO - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
IS - 24
ER -