Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) in autism spectrum disorder

Abstract The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the research on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Topics explored are the prevalence of AD/HD, the importance of studying AD/HD, as well as the questionnaire measures used to measure AD/HD in individuals with ASD. Research on the relationship between AD/HD in ASD and parental stress and psychological distress, developmental regression, language and communication, adaptive behavior, social skills, autism severity, challenging behavior, comorbid psychopathology, gastrointestinal symptoms, sleep problems, epilepsy, sensory issues, motor difficulties, and quality of life are also discussed. Research on cardiac reactivity and executive functioning are also explored. Finally, recommendations for treatment are given as well as areas where future research is needed.