Atmospheric sulfur chemistry and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations over the northeastern Pacific coast

Maximum DMS concentrations between 100 and 240 ppm were observed when the measurement site (480 m above sea level) was embedded in clouds and air from the marine boundary layer was flowing upslope to the site. DMS levels measured in continental air and/or above the mixed layer were typically less than 20 pptv. The sulfur gases DMSO, H₂SO₄, and MSA(g) were measured in real time on a continuous basis (once every 60-150 s) using selected ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Corresponding concentrations ranged between <0.5-3.2 pptv, 0.001-1.19 pptv, and 0.002-0.19 pptv, respectively. All three sulfur gases showed significant diel variations mostly in phase with each other. Their corresponding lifetimes in the marine atmosphere are estimated to be of the order of a few hours. The results indirectly support a relationship between DMS and CCN concentrations. However, other observations also suggest that at higher supersaturations (0.9%), compounds less soluble than sulfate may become important in marine CCN formation. -from Authors