A Very High Energy γ-Ray Survey toward the Cygnus Region of the Galaxy

A. U. Abeysekara; A. Archer; T. Aune; W. Benbow; R. Bird; R. Brose; M. Buchovecky; V. Bugaev; W. Cui; M. K. Daniel; A. Falcone; Q. Feng; J. P. Finley; H. Fleischhack; A. Flinders; L. Fortson; A. Furniss; E. V. Gotthelf; J. Grube; D. Hanna; O. Hervet; J. Holder; K. Huang; G. Hughes; T. B. Humensky; M. Hütten; C. A. Johnson; P. Kaaret; P. Kar; N. Kelley-Hoskins; M. Kertzman; D. Kieda; M. Krause; S. Kumar; M. J. Lang; T. T.Y. Lin; G. Maier; S. McArthur; P. Moriarty; R. Mukherjee; S. O'Brien; R. A. Ong; A. N. Otte; D. Pandel; N. Park; A. Petrashyk; M. Pohl; A. Popkow; E. Pueschel; J. Quinn; K. Ragan; P. T. Reynolds; G. T. Richards; E. Roache; J. Rousselle; C. Rulten; I. Sadeh; M. Santander; G. H. Sembroski; K. Shahinyan; J. Tyler; V. V. Vassiliev; S. P. Wakely; J. E. Ward; A. Weinstein; R. M. Wells; P. Wilcox; A. Wilhelm; D. A. Williams; B. Zitzer

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aac4a2

A Very High Energy γ-Ray Survey toward the Cygnus Region of the Galaxy

A. U. Abeysekara, A. Archer, T. Aune, W. Benbow, R. Bird, R. Brose, M. Buchovecky, V. Bugaev, W. Cui, M. K. Daniel, A. Falcone, Q. Feng, J. P. Finley, H. Fleischhack, A. Flinders, L. Fortson, A. Furniss, E. V. Gotthelf, J. Grube, D. HannaO. Hervet, J. Holder, K. Huang, G. Hughes, T. B. Humensky, M. Hütten, C. A. Johnson, P. Kaaret, P. Kar, N. Kelley-Hoskins, M. Kertzman, D. Kieda, M. Krause, S. Kumar, M. J. Lang, T. T.Y. Lin, G. Maier, S. McArthur, P. Moriarty, R. Mukherjee, S. O'Brien, R. A. Ong, A. N. Otte, D. Pandel, N. Park, A. Petrashyk, M. Pohl, A. Popkow, E. Pueschel, J. Quinn, K. Ragan, P. T. Reynolds, G. T. Richards, E. Roache, J. Rousselle, C. Rulten, I. Sadeh, M. Santander, G. H. Sembroski, K. Shahinyan, J. Tyler, V. V. Vassiliev, S. P. Wakely, J. E. Ward, A. Weinstein, R. M. Wells, P. Wilcox, A. Wilhelm, D. A. Williams, B. Zitzer

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Abstract

We present results from deep observations toward the Cygnus region using 300 hr of very high energy (VHE) γ-ray data taken with the VERITAS Cerenkov telescope array and over 7 yr of high-energy γ-ray data taken with the Fermi satellite at an energy above 1 GeV. As the brightest region of diffuse γ-ray emission in the northern sky, the Cygnus region provides a promising area to probe the origins of cosmic rays. We report the identification of a potential Fermi-LAT counterpart to VER J2031+415 (TeV J2032+4130) and resolve the extended VHE source VER J2019+368 into two source candidates (VER J2018+367∗ and VER J2020+368∗) and characterize their energy spectra. The Fermi-LAT morphology of 3FGL J2021.0+4031e (the Gamma Cygni supernova remnant) was examined, and a region of enhanced emission coincident with VER J2019+407 was identified and jointly fit with the VERITAS data. By modeling 3FGL J2015.6+3709 as two sources, one located at the location of the pulsar wind nebula CTB 87 and one at the quasar QSO J2015+371, a continuous spectrum from 1 GeV to 10 TeV was extracted for VER J2016+371 (CTB 87). An additional 71 locations coincident with Fermi-LAT sources and other potential objects of interest were tested for VHE γ-ray emission, with no emission detected and upper limits on the differential flux placed at an average of 2.3% of the Crab Nebula flux. We interpret these observations in a multiwavelength context and present the most detailed γ-ray view of the region to date.

Original language	English
Article number	134
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	861
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aac4a2
Publication status	Published - 10 Jul 2018

Keywords

ISM: supernova remnants
acceleration of particles
cosmic rays
gamma rays: general

Authors (Note for portal: view the doc link for the full list of authors)

Authors
Abeysekara, AU,Archer, A,Aune, T,Benbow, W,Bird, R,Brose, R,Buchovecky, M,Bugaev, V,Cui, W,Daniel, MK,Falcone, A,Feng, Q,Finley, JP,Fleischhack, H,Flinders, A,Fortson, L,Furniss, A,Gotthelf, EV,Grube, J,Hanna, D,Hervet, O,Holder, J,Huang, K,Hughes, G,Humensky, TB,Hutten, M,Johnson, CA,Kaaret, P,Kar, P,Kelley-Hoskins, N,Kertzman, M,Kieda, D,Krause, M,Kumar, S,Lang, MJ,Lin, TTY,Maier, G,McArthur, S,Moriarty, P,Mukherjee, R,O'Brien, S,Ong, RA,Otte, AN,Pandel, D,Park, N,Petrashyk, A,Pohl, M,Popkow, A,Pueschel, E,Quinn, J,Ragan, K,Reynolds, PT,Richards, GT,Roache, E,Rousselle, J,Rulten, C,Sadeh, I,Santander, M,Sembroski, GH,Shahinyan, K,Tyler, J,Vassiliev, VV,Wakely, SP,Ward, JE,Weinstein, A,Wells, RM,Wilcox, P,Wilhelm, A,Williams, DA,Zitzer, B

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10.3847/1538-4357/aac4a2

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Abeysekara, A. U., Archer, A., Aune, T., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Brose, R., Buchovecky, M., Bugaev, V., Cui, W., Daniel, M. K., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fleischhack, H., Flinders, A., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Gotthelf, E. V., Grube, J., ... Zitzer, B. (2018). A Very High Energy γ-Ray Survey toward the Cygnus Region of the Galaxy. Astrophysical Journal, 861(2), Article 134. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aac4a2

@article{2ccc27e9fb7e4073b2dd2c050e0a20a8,

title = "A Very High Energy γ-Ray Survey toward the Cygnus Region of the Galaxy",

abstract = "We present results from deep observations toward the Cygnus region using 300 hr of very high energy (VHE) γ-ray data taken with the VERITAS Cerenkov telescope array and over 7 yr of high-energy γ-ray data taken with the Fermi satellite at an energy above 1 GeV. As the brightest region of diffuse γ-ray emission in the northern sky, the Cygnus region provides a promising area to probe the origins of cosmic rays. We report the identification of a potential Fermi-LAT counterpart to VER J2031+415 (TeV J2032+4130) and resolve the extended VHE source VER J2019+368 into two source candidates (VER J2018+367∗ and VER J2020+368∗) and characterize their energy spectra. The Fermi-LAT morphology of 3FGL J2021.0+4031e (the Gamma Cygni supernova remnant) was examined, and a region of enhanced emission coincident with VER J2019+407 was identified and jointly fit with the VERITAS data. By modeling 3FGL J2015.6+3709 as two sources, one located at the location of the pulsar wind nebula CTB 87 and one at the quasar QSO J2015+371, a continuous spectrum from 1 GeV to 10 TeV was extracted for VER J2016+371 (CTB 87). An additional 71 locations coincident with Fermi-LAT sources and other potential objects of interest were tested for VHE γ-ray emission, with no emission detected and upper limits on the differential flux placed at an average of 2.3\% of the Crab Nebula flux. We interpret these observations in a multiwavelength context and present the most detailed γ-ray view of the region to date.",

keywords = "ISM: supernova remnants, acceleration of particles, cosmic rays, gamma rays: general",

author = "Abeysekara, \{A. U.\} and A. Archer and T. Aune and W. Benbow and R. Bird and R. Brose and M. Buchovecky and V. Bugaev and W. Cui and Daniel, \{M. K.\} and A. Falcone and Q. Feng and Finley, \{J. P.\} and H. Fleischhack and A. Flinders and L. Fortson and A. Furniss and Gotthelf, \{E. V.\} and J. Grube and D. Hanna and O. Hervet and J. Holder and K. Huang and G. Hughes and Humensky, \{T. B.\} and M. H{\"u}tten and Johnson, \{C. A.\} and P. Kaaret and P. Kar and N. Kelley-Hoskins and M. Kertzman and D. Kieda and M. Krause and S. Kumar and Lang, \{M. J.\} and Lin, \{T. T.Y.\} and G. Maier and S. McArthur and P. Moriarty and R. Mukherjee and S. O'Brien and Ong, \{R. A.\} and Otte, \{A. N.\} and D. Pandel and N. Park and A. Petrashyk and M. Pohl and A. Popkow and E. Pueschel and J. Quinn and K. Ragan and Reynolds, \{P. T.\} and Richards, \{G. T.\} and E. Roache and J. Rousselle and C. Rulten and I. Sadeh and M. Santander and Sembroski, \{G. H.\} and K. Shahinyan and J. Tyler and Vassiliev, \{V. V.\} and Wakely, \{S. P.\} and Ward, \{J. E.\} and A. Weinstein and Wells, \{R. M.\} and P. Wilcox and A. Wilhelm and Williams, \{D. A.\} and B. Zitzer",

year = "2018",

month = jul,

day = "10",

doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/aac4a2",

language = "English",

volume = "861",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "2",

}

Abeysekara, AU, Archer, A, Aune, T, Benbow, W, Bird, R, Brose, R, Buchovecky, M, Bugaev, V, Cui, W, Daniel, MK, Falcone, A, Feng, Q, Finley, JP, Fleischhack, H, Flinders, A, Fortson, L, Furniss, A, Gotthelf, EV, Grube, J, Hanna, D, Hervet, O, Holder, J, Huang, K, Hughes, G, Humensky, TB, Hütten, M, Johnson, CA, Kaaret, P, Kar, P, Kelley-Hoskins, N, Kertzman, M, Kieda, D, Krause, M, Kumar, S, Lang, MJ, Lin, TTY, Maier, G, McArthur, S, Moriarty, P, Mukherjee, R, O'Brien, S, Ong, RA, Otte, AN, Pandel, D, Park, N, Petrashyk, A, Pohl, M, Popkow, A, Pueschel, E, Quinn, J, Ragan, K, Reynolds, PT, Richards, GT, Roache, E, Rousselle, J, Rulten, C, Sadeh, I, Santander, M, Sembroski, GH, Shahinyan, K, Tyler, J, Vassiliev, VV, Wakely, SP, Ward, JE, Weinstein, A, Wells, RM, Wilcox, P, Wilhelm, A, Williams, DA & Zitzer, B 2018, 'A Very High Energy γ-Ray Survey toward the Cygnus Region of the Galaxy', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 861, no. 2, 134. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aac4a2

TY - JOUR

T1 - A Very High Energy γ-Ray Survey toward the Cygnus Region of the Galaxy

AU - Abeysekara, A. U.

AU - Archer, A.

AU - Aune, T.

AU - Benbow, W.

AU - Bird, R.

AU - Brose, R.

AU - Buchovecky, M.

AU - Bugaev, V.

AU - Cui, W.

AU - Daniel, M. K.

AU - Falcone, A.

AU - Feng, Q.

AU - Finley, J. P.

AU - Fleischhack, H.

AU - Flinders, A.

AU - Fortson, L.

AU - Furniss, A.

AU - Gotthelf, E. V.

AU - Grube, J.

AU - Hanna, D.

AU - Hervet, O.

AU - Holder, J.

AU - Huang, K.

AU - Hughes, G.

AU - Humensky, T. B.

AU - Hütten, M.

AU - Johnson, C. A.

AU - Kaaret, P.

AU - Kar, P.

AU - Kelley-Hoskins, N.

AU - Kertzman, M.

AU - Kieda, D.

AU - Krause, M.

AU - Kumar, S.

AU - Lang, M. J.

AU - Lin, T. T.Y.

AU - Maier, G.

AU - McArthur, S.

AU - Moriarty, P.

AU - Mukherjee, R.

AU - O'Brien, S.

AU - Ong, R. A.

AU - Otte, A. N.

AU - Pandel, D.

AU - Park, N.

AU - Petrashyk, A.

AU - Pohl, M.

AU - Popkow, A.

AU - Pueschel, E.

AU - Quinn, J.

AU - Ragan, K.

AU - Reynolds, P. T.

AU - Richards, G. T.

AU - Roache, E.

AU - Rousselle, J.

AU - Rulten, C.

AU - Sadeh, I.

AU - Santander, M.

AU - Sembroski, G. H.

AU - Shahinyan, K.

AU - Tyler, J.

AU - Vassiliev, V. V.

AU - Wakely, S. P.

AU - Ward, J. E.

AU - Weinstein, A.

AU - Wells, R. M.

AU - Wilcox, P.

AU - Wilhelm, A.

AU - Williams, D. A.

AU - Zitzer, B.

PY - 2018/7/10

Y1 - 2018/7/10

N2 - We present results from deep observations toward the Cygnus region using 300 hr of very high energy (VHE) γ-ray data taken with the VERITAS Cerenkov telescope array and over 7 yr of high-energy γ-ray data taken with the Fermi satellite at an energy above 1 GeV. As the brightest region of diffuse γ-ray emission in the northern sky, the Cygnus region provides a promising area to probe the origins of cosmic rays. We report the identification of a potential Fermi-LAT counterpart to VER J2031+415 (TeV J2032+4130) and resolve the extended VHE source VER J2019+368 into two source candidates (VER J2018+367∗ and VER J2020+368∗) and characterize their energy spectra. The Fermi-LAT morphology of 3FGL J2021.0+4031e (the Gamma Cygni supernova remnant) was examined, and a region of enhanced emission coincident with VER J2019+407 was identified and jointly fit with the VERITAS data. By modeling 3FGL J2015.6+3709 as two sources, one located at the location of the pulsar wind nebula CTB 87 and one at the quasar QSO J2015+371, a continuous spectrum from 1 GeV to 10 TeV was extracted for VER J2016+371 (CTB 87). An additional 71 locations coincident with Fermi-LAT sources and other potential objects of interest were tested for VHE γ-ray emission, with no emission detected and upper limits on the differential flux placed at an average of 2.3% of the Crab Nebula flux. We interpret these observations in a multiwavelength context and present the most detailed γ-ray view of the region to date.

AB - We present results from deep observations toward the Cygnus region using 300 hr of very high energy (VHE) γ-ray data taken with the VERITAS Cerenkov telescope array and over 7 yr of high-energy γ-ray data taken with the Fermi satellite at an energy above 1 GeV. As the brightest region of diffuse γ-ray emission in the northern sky, the Cygnus region provides a promising area to probe the origins of cosmic rays. We report the identification of a potential Fermi-LAT counterpart to VER J2031+415 (TeV J2032+4130) and resolve the extended VHE source VER J2019+368 into two source candidates (VER J2018+367∗ and VER J2020+368∗) and characterize their energy spectra. The Fermi-LAT morphology of 3FGL J2021.0+4031e (the Gamma Cygni supernova remnant) was examined, and a region of enhanced emission coincident with VER J2019+407 was identified and jointly fit with the VERITAS data. By modeling 3FGL J2015.6+3709 as two sources, one located at the location of the pulsar wind nebula CTB 87 and one at the quasar QSO J2015+371, a continuous spectrum from 1 GeV to 10 TeV was extracted for VER J2016+371 (CTB 87). An additional 71 locations coincident with Fermi-LAT sources and other potential objects of interest were tested for VHE γ-ray emission, with no emission detected and upper limits on the differential flux placed at an average of 2.3% of the Crab Nebula flux. We interpret these observations in a multiwavelength context and present the most detailed γ-ray view of the region to date.

KW - ISM: supernova remnants

KW - acceleration of particles

KW - cosmic rays

KW - gamma rays: general

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85050686333

U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/aac4a2

DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/aac4a2

M3 - Article

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 861

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

IS - 2

M1 - 134

ER -

A Very High Energy γ-Ray Survey toward the Cygnus Region of the Galaxy

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