My research spans palaeobotany to modern plant ecology and incorporates elements of plant biology, geology and chemistry.I am particularly interested in understanding how plants respond to environmental change both in a modern context and in relation to environmental upheavals, such as mass extinctions, in the geological record. I am also interested in taphonomy, the science of fossil preservation, and understanding what quality of information can be determined from the fossil record. My modern ecological research focuses on invasive species, plant chemistry, ecosystem services,and plant biodiversityresponses to Anthropogenic pressures.